Figure 1: We are aware of the common hazards that are likely to cause work-related injuries and death, ill health, diseases and incidents in our shipbreaking industry.

Serious accident hazards
• fire and explosion: explosives, flammable materials	• falls from height inside ship structures or on the ground
• being struck by falling objects	• struck by moving objects
• caught in or compressed	• slipping on wet surfaces
• snapping of cables, ropes, chains, slings	• sharp objects
• Handling heavy objects • Access in progressively dismantled vessels (floors, stairs, passageways)	• oxygen deficiency in confined spaces • Lack of PPE, housekeeping practices, safety signs

Hazardous substances
• Asbestos fibres, dusts	• PCBs & PVC (combustion products)
• Heavy and toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc, etc.)	• welding fumes
• organometallic substances (tributyltin, etc.)	• volatile organic compounds (solvents)
• lack of hazard communication (storage, labelling, material safety data sheets)	• inhalation in confined and enclosed spaces
• batteries fire-fighting liquids	• compressed gas cylinders

Physical hazards
• noise	• vibration
• extreme temperatures	• poor illumination
• electricity	• radiation (UV, radioactive materials)

Mechanical hazards
• trucks and transport vehicles	• Shackles, hooks; chains
• scaffolding, fixed and portable ladders	• cranes, winches, hoisting & hauling equipment;
• impact by tools, sharp-edged tools	• lack of safety guards in machines
• Power-driven hand tools, saws, grinders and abrasive cutting wheels;	• Poor maintenance of machinery and equipment

Biological hazards
• toxic marine organisms	• animal bites
• Risk of communicable diseases transmitted by pests, vermin, rodents, insects and other animals that may infest the ship	• Infectious diseases (TB, malaria, dengue fever, hepatitis, respiratory infections, others)

Ergonomic and psychosocial hazards
• Repetitive strain injuries, awkward postures, repetitive and monotonous work, excessive workload	• Mental stress, human relations (aggressive behaviour, alcohol and drug abuse, violence)
• Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment	• Poverty, low wages, minimum age, lack of education and social environment

General concerns
• lack of safety and health training	• inadequate accident prevention and inspection
• poor work organization	• inadequate emergency, first-aid and rescue facilities
• inadequate housing and sanitation	• lack of medical facilities and social protection

Figure 2: Our Model Safe Ship-breaking Plan Fig 3: Elements for the development of Ship-breaking Schedules for each core phrase: A Ship-breaking Schedule is (a) prepared for each core phase with each element identified as indicated in above figure and (b) act as a progress sheet that can be marked as the work progresses.
Figure 4: Model Ship-breaking Schedules for the three core phases
1. Operational Planning
1.1 General requirements
1.2 Safe ship-breaking plans and schedules
1.2.1 Model Plans
1.2.2 Preparation phase
1.2.3 Deconstruction phase
1.2.4 Material stream management phase
1.3 Hazard identification and risk assessment
1.4 Review of risk assessments
1.5 Response to hazards and risks - preventive and protective measures

2. General preventive and protective measures
2.1 General provisions
2.2 Means of access and egress
2.3 Roadways, quays, yards and other places
2.4 Housekeeping
2.5 Scaffolds and ladders
2.6 Precautions against the fall of persons and materials
2.7 Fire prevention and fire fighting
2.8 Dangerous atmospheres and confined spaces
2.9 Signs, notices and color codes
2.10 Prevention of unauthorized entry

3. Management of hazardous substances
3.1 General provisions
3.2 Assessment
3.3 Monitoring in the workplace for chemical hazards
3.3.1 General principles
3.3.2 Measuring methods
3.3.3 Monitoring strategy
3.3.4 Record keeping
3.3.5 Interpretation and application of monitoring data
3.4 Control measures
3.5 Chemical safety data sheets
3.6 Health surveillance

4. Measures against physical hazards
4.1 Noise
4.2 Vibration
4.3 Optical radiation
4.4 Heat stress and wet conditions
4.5 Lighting
4.6 Electricity

5. Measures against biological hazards

6 Ergonomic and psychosocial hazards

7 Safety requirements for tools, machines and equipment
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Hand tools
7.3 Electrical tools
7.4 Flame-cutting and other hot work
7.5 Gas cylinders
7.6 Power generators
7.7 Lifting appliances and gear
7.8 Lifting ropes
7.9 Transport facilities

8 Competence and training
8.1 General
8.2 Qualification of managers and supervisors
8.3 Qualification, training and skills testing for workers
8.4 Qualifications of contractors and other third parties

9 Personal protective equipment and protective clothing
9.1 General provisions
9.2 Head protection
9.3 Face and eye protection
9.4 Hand and foot protection
9.5 Respiratory protective equipment
9.6 Air line or self-contained breathing apparatus
9.7 Hearing protection
9.8 Protectors against radioactive contamination
9.9 Protection from falls
9.4 Clothing

10 Contingency and emergency preparedness
10.1 General
10.2 First aid
10.3 Rescue

11 Special protection
11.1 Employment and social insurance
11.2 Working hours
11.3 Alcohol- and drug related problems

12. Welfare
12.1 General provisions
12.2 Drinking water
12.3 Sanitary and washing facilities
12.4 Cloakrooms
12.5 Shelters and facilities for food and drink

　　We have established a coherent policy and principles on occupational safety and health and welfare of persons employed in our ship-breaking yard and on the protection of the general environment.

　　We have established the respective duties and responsibilities of the authorities, employers, workers and further bodies involved and make arrangements for a structured cooperation between them.

　　We promote the implementation and integration of consistent occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems with a view to improving working conditions considerably.